Bony-headed flying frog
Polypedates otilophus

A tailless amphibian that inhabits Borneo and Sumatra. It belongs to the Rhacophoridae family; the so-called flying frogs. In the mating season males let out special calls to attract females, which then lay spawn on plants located over water surface so that tadpoles fall in straight after hatching. It isn’t an endangered species. It inhabits lowland tropical forests, although individuals have also been observed at the height of 1100 m. They’re easiest to find during the mating season, 1–4 metres above bodies of water.

Their eyes are white with horizontal pupils. Their heads are large compared to the rest of the body. Males grow up to 8 cm in length, females – up to 10 cm. Their back can be of lemon yellow colour, or closer to beige. Their ventral side is pale, edging on white. Their body is covered in very thin black stripes, best noticeable on the legs. Fingertips are expanded into discs, which are larger on the front limbs. Tadpoles are yellow-green on the top and white on the bottom of their bodies; the characteristic stripes appear before transformation. As their common name suggests, these frogs have distinct bone structures behind the eyes and above tympanums.

Blue poison dart frog
Dendrobates tinctorius var. azureus Cuvier, 1797

A tailless amphibian from the poison frogs group, with a characteristic blue colouring. It can be found in Suriname, South America. It likes to be on the ground, close to water sources, but it also spends time on trees, at a height of up to 5 metres. The skin discharge of the blue poison dart frog contains strong alkaloid toxin, which protects it from moisture loss and from predators, such as tarantulas or snakes. The back, sides and belly of this frog are light blue, whereas the bottom of its throat and limbs are dark blue. The whole body is covered with black spots (with the exception of limbs). This species is described as very aggressive. Tadpoles show cannibalistic qualities, while fully grown specimens are very territorial, which translates to frequent fights, especially between males. The reproduction starts with laying eggs, from which tadpoles hatch. They initially feed on other, unfertilised eggs. These frogs reach sexual maturity at the age of about 2 years. Their lifespan averages around 4–6 years (but even up to 15 years in captivity). In their natural environment, they feed on insects: ants, beetles, flies, spiders or termites.

The blue poison dart frog figures in Appendix II of the list of species protected by CITES, which means that anyone owning them must register their frogs.

Body length: 3,8–4,5 cm
Body weight: 3 g

Green-and-black poison dart frog
Dendrobates auratus var. Costa Rica Girard, 1855

A semi-arboreal amphibian which lives in the tropical forests of Panama and Costa Rica, and grows up to 5 cm in length. It chooses shadowy places so that it doesn’t lose too much water through the skin. This frog is celadon green in colour, with symmetrical brown-black spots. It is poisonous owing to neurotoxic glands in its skin. Its rear legs lack interdigital webbing, which is why the green-and-black poison dart frog cannot swim. Nevertheless, it does use small water bodies for reproduction, e.g. by laying eggs in puddles. Tadpoles develop and grow on the male’s back; rainwater is the only thing that keeps them from drying. After a few weeks, the male submerges in water for the tadpoles to separate. They soon transfigure into frogs and reach sexual maturity after a year. The green-and-black poison dart frog figures in Appendix II of the list of species protected by CITES, which means that anyone owning it must register their frog.

Body length:
male: 2,5–4,0 cm
female: 2,7–4,2 cm

Body weight: 3–10 g